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When a neuron sends a message to another, it makes use of neurotransmitters, chemicals. These chemicals must travel through a small gap that is called a synapse.
Certain ADHD medications boost the effectiveness of these messages. They either help neurons release neurotransmitters more frequently or slow down the Reuptake (called reuptake inhibitors).
Doctors start ADHD patients on a low dosage and then monitor their response. They adjust the dosage gradually to find the "sweet spot," the lowest dose that shows a noticeable improvement in symptoms and produces fewer adverse effects.
Methylphenidate
Methylphenidate is the most common type of medication doctors often attempt to offer to children suffering from ADHD. It increases the amount of norepinephrine and dopamine in children's brains, which aids them in paying attention and stay focused. It also decreases their hyperactivity and impulsivity. It's important to remember that methylphenidate is a controlled substance and should only be used under the supervision of a doctor.
The most common methylphenidate medication is Ritalin. It is available in tablets that release immediately, chewable tablets, and capsules. Certain versions of the medication contain aspartame (an artificial sweetener), which can be dangerous for those with phenylketonuria, an inherited condition which causes severe intellectual impairment. Make sure you inform your doctor about any food allergies that you or your child may have.
Researchers have found that methylphenidate can reduce aberrant activity, particularly in the accumbens nucleus as well as a set of brain networks that are involved in the process of adaptive control. This may explain why methylphenidate is considered to be one of the most effective medications for treating ADHD.
Stimulants can cause side effects that include the loss of appetite and sleepiness, stomach upset headache, anxiety, disturbances, and the tics. These are rare but can be serious. If they occur you should contact your doctor immediately. It is also important to inform your doctor if your child suffers from allergies or an underlying heart condition, bipolar disorder, depression or other mental health conditions, glaucoma, a history of seizures or stroke, or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox) and the methylene blue, or phenelzine (Nardil). It is important to take methylphenidate as prescribed by your doctor.
Amphetamines
Amphetamines speed up messages between brain cells and aid in focusing your mind and stay clear of distractions. They are the most frequently prescribed drugs for treating ADHD in children and adults. They boost the levels of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines can be found in short-acting (immediate release) and intermediate- or long-acting forms. They can be consumed orally or via injection.
Some people have a tough time with the side effects of stimulant medications including sleeplessness, insomnia, or an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Your doctor will monitor your symptoms and adjust the dosage to find the right one for you. Some people will require multiple medications to achieve the desired outcome.
Stimulant drugs affect two important neurotransmitters located in the prefrontal cortex. This is the part of the brain that regulates emotions and governs your behavior. These medications are prescribed for a wide range of mental health conditions such as ADD/ADHD and conditions such as bipolar disorder, narcolepsy, and eating disorders.
The most common types of stimulant drugs are amphetamines and methylphenidates. The FDA has approved dozens brand-name stimulants to treat ADHD. They are available in different forms ranging from stimulants that are short-acting to long-acting stimulants. They can be taken orally or in a injection. Truck drivers, students and teenagers who require more energy to perform endurance sports may abuse amphetamines. They can also trigger physical and mental problems when misused, especially with higher doses.
ADHD can be treated with non-stimulant medications. These include atomoxetine clonidine and guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are based on the same chemicals as stimulants, but are less likely to cause tics worse which is a concern for those suffering from Tourette's syndrome.
Short-acting stimulants
These drugs are prescribed to treat teens and children suffering from ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They come in pills that can be chewed or swallowed and capsules that can be opened and sprinkled on food, and liquid and patches. They are typically only available with a doctor's prescription. These include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin (Concerta, Focalin (Daytrana), andamphetamines, (Adderall (Dexedrine, Vyvanse)). Short-acting stimulants are fast acting and last from 3 to 6 hours.
These drugs ease symptoms for 70% to 80% of children and adults with ADHD. They reduce the tendency to fidget and interrupting, and make it easier to finish tasks. They also help improve relationships and academic performance. They can't address the root issues that cause ADHD. So it's important to use them along with behavior therapy.
It's also important to recognize that ADHD medications can cause side effects. They can cause you to be drowsy or cranky, and they could interfere with your sleep. However, these effects are usually minimal and will disappear once the medication is gone from your body. Your doctor will probably recommend taking a small dose at first and then increase it gradually. They will monitor you or your child to see if there are any problems with the medication.
Finding the appropriate medication for you or your children could take some time. It is best to communicate openly with your health professional. medications for adhd uk may suggest changes to how often you or your child take the medication or even if it's needed at all. They'll also be looking to determine whether you or your child has any other medical or mental health issues.
Intermediate stimulants
Stimulants control ADHD symptoms by altering the neurotransmitter activity of the brain. This increases the levels of norepinephrine as well as dopamine, two substances that are important for the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain. (Think of it as "your secretary" in the executive part of your brain). The majority of children with ADHD respond well to stimulant medication. Your doctor will collaborate with you to figure out which type of medication and dosage is best for you. You may have to try several different types of medication before you find the one that is right for you or your children.
You can take immediate-release stimulants in liquid form or chewable tablets. These medications are quick-acting and last for three to four hours. The "crash effect" can occur when the medicine is exhausted. It is characterized by rapid reduction in energy levels as well as extreme hunger. There are also stimulants that act long-lastingly like dexamfetamine and lisdexamfetamine. These are a little more complicated and require a prescription. They are injected into the bloodstream and are then converted from inactive active in red blood cells.
Finding the right medication, dosage and schedule for your child or yourself can take a lot of time. Your doctor will keep track of how you respond to medication and look for signs like sleep issues. If you or your child isn't responding well to stimulants, they'll also discuss non-stimulant medications.
It is not advisable to alter or stop taking your ADHD medication without consulting your doctor first. It's also important to tell your doctor about any over-the counter supplements and medications you're taking, as some of them can interfere with certain ADHD medication.
Long-acting stimulants
For 70-80% of adults and children with ADHD stimulant medications work in decreasing hyperactivity, interrupting behavior such as fidgeting, impulsivity and fidgeting. They also aid people to concentrate, complete tasks and maintain relationships. They might not help reduce moodiness or other troublesome symptoms. They can also trigger side effects such as the loss of appetite, insomnia and anxiety. They can also cause stomachaches, changes in the heart rhythm, and high blood pressure.
These medications work in stages to treat ADHD symptoms all day long. Most of these drugs begin to work in 30 to 60 minutes and fade after 3 to 6 hours. They can be used on their own or in conjunction with other types of ADHD treatment, such as behavioral therapy.
Some of these stimulants with long-acting effects like Atomoxetine (Strattera) and guanfacine-ER (Intuniv) are able to last through the night and into the morning. Some doctors recommend taking them to fill an afternoon trough, so that patients do not require an additional dose of medication at school or afterschool.
Long-acting stimulants do not increase dopamine levels as much as short- or intermediate-acting drugs, but they do increase their levels significantly. This means that they don't trigger the same type of rebound effects as be experienced with shorter-acting substances.
Long-acting stimulants due to the potential for adverse reactions they are typically prescribed as a last resort for adults with ADHD and older teens. However, they can be used as a first-line treatment for certain people with ADHD who haven't had a response to other medications.
While medication can aid in improving self-control and concentration but it's not the only solution for people suffering from ADHD. In conjunction with a healthy sleeping routine and healthy eating habits, along with other self-help strategies, it's often possible to eliminate or reduce the necessity for ADHD medication.